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Motor Knowledge
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2025-07-11
10 Types of Motors Used in Robots: Features & Selection Tips
Motors convert electrical energy into the mechanical force needed to drive motion, rotation, and complex tasks, making them essential for robotic movement and automation. Without the right motor, a robot may lack the precision, efficiency, or durability required for its intended function. It is also important to select the appropriate types of to reduce energy consumption and operating noise so that the robots can maintain long-term performance and reliability. In this article, we’ll introduce the different types of motors used in robotics and explore how to choose the best motor for a specific robotic system based on factors like load, control, speed, and accuracy.
Brushed DC (BDC) motors rely on the principle of electromagnetic induction as well. Their stationary carbon brushes press against a rotating segmented copper sleeve called the commutator, generating an electromagnetic field within the rotor as current flows. This field interacts with the stator's permanent magnetic field, generating a force that causes the rotor to spin. The commutator and brushes continuously switch the direction of the current in the rotor coils, ensuring continuous motion. This mechanical commutation eliminates the need for complex electronic controllers, making BDC motors easy to drive and control. BDC motors also have low cost, good torque at low speeds, and availability in a wide range of sizes. Hence, they are extensively used in simpler robotics applications like toys, educational robots, small mobile robots for hobbyists, and light-duty industrial actuators, where precise, long-term durability isn’t critical. However, the brushes and commutators in BDC motors are subject to wear from friction. This friction also reduces efficiency while generating heat, audible noise, and electrical interference (EMI), which can affect other sensitive electronics in a robot. This may lead to more maintenance needs and a shorter lifespan compared to other types of DC motors used in robotics.
Brushless DC motors (BLDC) are a modern alternative to brushed motors. Instead of using mechanical commutators and physical brushes, BLDC motors rely on external electronic controllers to switch the current in the stator for commutation. The rotor contains permanent magnets, while the stator has electromagnets that are energized to create rotation. Additionally, the controller uses feedback to determine the rotor's exact position, ensuring the stator is energized in the correct sequence for smooth, efficient rotation. With this, BLDC motors provide high torque at low speeds, excellent efficiency, low heat generation, and quiet operation. Since there’s no physical contact between brushes and commutators, maintenance needs are also minimal, and the lifespan is significantly extended. The downside is that BLDC motors are more complex, requiring advanced electronic control systems and often position sensors like Hall-effect or back-EMF sensors. They are also more expensive than brushed motors. Still, BLDC motors are widely used in applications demanding precision, reliability, and continuous operation, such as drones, robotic arms, industrial automation, medical devices, and electric vehicles.
AC (Alternating Current) motors generate mechanical motion through the electromagnetic induction and can be further categorized into two types: synchronous and asynchronous AC motors. When an alternating current is supplied to the stator windings, it creates a continuously rotating magnetic field. In synchronous AC motors, the rotor’s speed matches this magnetic field’s rotational speed, so they operate at a fixed speed regardless of the load. On the other hand, asynchronous motors run at a slightly lower speed, as the rotor’s speed is not equal to the magnetic field’s rotation. Both synchronous and asynchronous AC motors can offer high power efficiency and torque, as well as durability. This makes them particularly suitable for heavy industrial applications, such as robotic arms, conveyor systems, and large-scale automation equipment, where they can be directly connected to a grid power supply. Despite that, AC motors are rarely found in mobile or portable robotic systems. This is because most robots’ electronic components and control systems operate on Direct Current (DC) power, typically supplied by batteries. Converting AC to DC with adapters for onboard use adds complexity, weight, and inefficiency, making them less practical for applications demanding mobility and compact design.
The servo motor is a specialized type of DC motor used in robotics. Unlike standard motors that spin continuously, a servo motor operates within a closed-loop system that includes a motor, a feedback sensor (such as an encoder or resolver), and a control circuit. The control circuit sends a Pulse-Width Modulated (PWM) signal to the motor, which determines the target position. The feedback sensor then relays the current position back to the controller, allowing it to precisely adjust power to correct any deviation and hold the desired angle, no matter the load. One of the key advantages of servo motors is their exceptional accuracy in controlling position, speed, and torque. This makes them ideal for tasks that require stable and precise movement, such as robotic arms, camera gimbals, pan-tilt mechanisms, robotic grippers, and autonomous vehicles. Yet, servo motors are generally more expensive than basic DC motors due to their complexity. Also, standard hobby-grade servos often have a limited range of rotation (usually 180 or 270 degrees), which is less suitable for high-speed or long-distance applications, though continuous rotation models exist for high-end users.
Stepper motors are DC motors that divide a full rotation into a series of precise, equal steps. Multiple coils (phases) in the stator are energized by an external driver. As each phase is energized, it creates a magnetic field that attracts the rotor's permanent magnets and iron teeth to a specific position. By cycling through these phases in a specific sequence, the rotor advances in fixed angular increments. This open-loop control system means that stepper motors don't require feedback sensors, simplifying the control circuitry while allowing for precise movements and affordability. They also provide stability at low speeds, as they can hold torque (hold a position firmly) when energized, even without external braking. Consequently, stepper motors are widely used in applications where precise and repeatable motion is critical, including 3D printing robots for controlling printhead and bed movement, robotic CNC systems for tool and workpiece positioning, and camera sliders in mobile robots for time-lapse photography. Nevertheless, stepper motors are less efficient than basic BLDC motors at high speeds and consume power even when stationary. They may even suffer from resonance issues, leading to vibrations or missed steps if not properly driven. This is why they are not suitable for applications involving fast, continuous rotation.
Geared motors are essentially standard electric motors (most commonly BDC or BLDC) integrated with a gearbox or gear train. The gear system works based on the conservation of angular momentum (gear reduction). The smaller input gears spin faster and deliver power to larger output gears, which rotate more slowly but generate greater torque proportionally. The speed can also be controlled by adjusting the motor’s input voltage, often using PWM. The primary advantage of geared motors is their ability to provide high torque from a compact motor, enabling a smaller motor to move heavier loads than it could on its own. They also allow for precise control at lower speeds and even offer a wide range of customizable speed-to-torque ratios through different gear combinations. Due to these features, geared motors are suitable for applications requiring strong yet slow, controlled motions. Examples include robot drive trains for mobile robots and RC vehicles, robotic arms for joint actuation, robot grippers, cordless tools, or any automated systems where high torque is needed to overcome resistance when moving substantial loads. The challenge of using geared motors is that the gear assembly can introduce friction, noise, and wear, potentially reducing overall efficiency compared to a direct-drive motor. These motors can also suffer from gear backlash (gaps between mating gear teeth), which might affect precision in some high-accuracy scenarios.
Linear motors are specialized electric motors that produce direct linear motion instead of rotational movement. They work on the same electromagnetic principles as rotary motors, but the stator and rotor are laid out in a straight line, generating force along a linear path without the need for mechanical transmission systems like belts or gears. This direct-drive design allows for highly accurate positioning, fast acceleration, and smooth movement. Thus, linear motors are commonly used in precision robotics, such as pick-and-place machines, robotic arms, and automated transport systems on production lines where exact linear motion is critical. Even so, linear motors tend to be more expensive than traditional rotary motors and are generally limited to applications that specifically require linear motion.
Pneumatic motors are also known as air motors. Rather than using electricity, they rely on compressed air, which is fed into chambers within the motor. The air pushes against vanes, pistons, or turbines to create rotational force. These motors are typically lightweight and have a high power-to-weight ratio, allowing robots to move quickly and efficiently. They even offer instantaneous start/stop capabilities and can withstand stalls without damage. Furthermore, pneumatic motors do not generate sparks, making them ideal for explosive or flammable environments like mines, painting booths, and certain manufacturing processes where electrical motors might pose a safety risk. They are also used in end-effectors like grippers for clamping action and in some mobile robots as actuators for quick, powerful bursts of movement. The main limitation of pneumatic motors is the necessity for a constant and reliable source of compressed air, so they require an external air compressor, storage tanks, and associated hoses, which add bulk to the robotic system. Additionally, they generally have a lower power density and lower control precision compared to electric motors.
Hydraulic motors convert the energy of pressurized fluid (typically oil) into rotational motion. A high-pressure hydraulic pump pushes the fluid into the motor to move internal components like gears, vanes, or pistons, thereby spinning the motor's output shaft. This type of robotic motor delivers exceptionally high torque at low speed and high power density from a relatively compact size. What’s more, they are robust and can operate steadily under extreme loads or harsh conditions. Due to these advantages, hydraulic motors are commonly found in large, heavy-duty robots and machinery where sheer force is crucial. This includes construction robots, agricultural robots, large-scale industrial manipulators, and other equipment designed for lifting or digging. Nonetheless, this motor requires a hydraulic system consisting of a pump, reservoir, filters, and extensive plumbing, which adds considerable weight, cost, and maintenance. They also pose a risk of fluid leaks, which can be messy and environmentally problematic, and their overall efficiency can be lower than electric motors in many applications.
Piezoelectric motors generate motion through the piezoelectric effect. This phenomenon occurs when certain materials (mostly piezoelectric ceramics) deform or vibrate in response to an applied electric field and then generate an electric charge due to mechanical stress. These microscopic expansions and contractions are amplified and directed, often through friction, to move the motor’s rotor or slider. Since piezoelectric motors do not rely on magnetic fields or rotating parts like most motors, they allow for very compact designs and silent operation. They also offer ultra-high precision and resolution, often down to the nanometer scale. Therefore, these motors are ideal for micro-robotics, delicate medical devices, and any applications that demand extremely fine positioning, such as auto-focus lenses or micro-actuators in laboratories. Then again, piezoelectric motors have more complex control systems, making integration more challenging compared to conventional motor types. They also produce low power output, so they are not suited for tasks requiring significant force or speed.
What Kind of Motors are Used in Robotics: 10 Main Types
Mainly, there are 10 kinds of motors used in robotics. Here we will discuss how they work, their pros and cons, as well as their ideal applications.1. Brushed DC Motors
Source: ResearchGate Brushed DC (BDC) motors rely on the principle of electromagnetic induction as well. Their stationary carbon brushes press against a rotating segmented copper sleeve called the commutator, generating an electromagnetic field within the rotor as current flows. This field interacts with the stator's permanent magnetic field, generating a force that causes the rotor to spin. The commutator and brushes continuously switch the direction of the current in the rotor coils, ensuring continuous motion. This mechanical commutation eliminates the need for complex electronic controllers, making BDC motors easy to drive and control. BDC motors also have low cost, good torque at low speeds, and availability in a wide range of sizes. Hence, they are extensively used in simpler robotics applications like toys, educational robots, small mobile robots for hobbyists, and light-duty industrial actuators, where precise, long-term durability isn’t critical. However, the brushes and commutators in BDC motors are subject to wear from friction. This friction also reduces efficiency while generating heat, audible noise, and electrical interference (EMI), which can affect other sensitive electronics in a robot. This may lead to more maintenance needs and a shorter lifespan compared to other types of DC motors used in robotics.
2. Brushless DC Motors (BLDC)
Source: ResearchGate Brushless DC motors (BLDC) are a modern alternative to brushed motors. Instead of using mechanical commutators and physical brushes, BLDC motors rely on external electronic controllers to switch the current in the stator for commutation. The rotor contains permanent magnets, while the stator has electromagnets that are energized to create rotation. Additionally, the controller uses feedback to determine the rotor's exact position, ensuring the stator is energized in the correct sequence for smooth, efficient rotation. With this, BLDC motors provide high torque at low speeds, excellent efficiency, low heat generation, and quiet operation. Since there’s no physical contact between brushes and commutators, maintenance needs are also minimal, and the lifespan is significantly extended. The downside is that BLDC motors are more complex, requiring advanced electronic control systems and often position sensors like Hall-effect or back-EMF sensors. They are also more expensive than brushed motors. Still, BLDC motors are widely used in applications demanding precision, reliability, and continuous operation, such as drones, robotic arms, industrial automation, medical devices, and electric vehicles.
3. AC Motors
Source: ResearchGate AC (Alternating Current) motors generate mechanical motion through the electromagnetic induction and can be further categorized into two types: synchronous and asynchronous AC motors. When an alternating current is supplied to the stator windings, it creates a continuously rotating magnetic field. In synchronous AC motors, the rotor’s speed matches this magnetic field’s rotational speed, so they operate at a fixed speed regardless of the load. On the other hand, asynchronous motors run at a slightly lower speed, as the rotor’s speed is not equal to the magnetic field’s rotation. Both synchronous and asynchronous AC motors can offer high power efficiency and torque, as well as durability. This makes them particularly suitable for heavy industrial applications, such as robotic arms, conveyor systems, and large-scale automation equipment, where they can be directly connected to a grid power supply. Despite that, AC motors are rarely found in mobile or portable robotic systems. This is because most robots’ electronic components and control systems operate on Direct Current (DC) power, typically supplied by batteries. Converting AC to DC with adapters for onboard use adds complexity, weight, and inefficiency, making them less practical for applications demanding mobility and compact design.
4. Servo Motors
Source: ResearchGate The servo motor is a specialized type of DC motor used in robotics. Unlike standard motors that spin continuously, a servo motor operates within a closed-loop system that includes a motor, a feedback sensor (such as an encoder or resolver), and a control circuit. The control circuit sends a Pulse-Width Modulated (PWM) signal to the motor, which determines the target position. The feedback sensor then relays the current position back to the controller, allowing it to precisely adjust power to correct any deviation and hold the desired angle, no matter the load. One of the key advantages of servo motors is their exceptional accuracy in controlling position, speed, and torque. This makes them ideal for tasks that require stable and precise movement, such as robotic arms, camera gimbals, pan-tilt mechanisms, robotic grippers, and autonomous vehicles. Yet, servo motors are generally more expensive than basic DC motors due to their complexity. Also, standard hobby-grade servos often have a limited range of rotation (usually 180 or 270 degrees), which is less suitable for high-speed or long-distance applications, though continuous rotation models exist for high-end users.
5. Stepper Motors
Source: ResearchGate Stepper motors are DC motors that divide a full rotation into a series of precise, equal steps. Multiple coils (phases) in the stator are energized by an external driver. As each phase is energized, it creates a magnetic field that attracts the rotor's permanent magnets and iron teeth to a specific position. By cycling through these phases in a specific sequence, the rotor advances in fixed angular increments. This open-loop control system means that stepper motors don't require feedback sensors, simplifying the control circuitry while allowing for precise movements and affordability. They also provide stability at low speeds, as they can hold torque (hold a position firmly) when energized, even without external braking. Consequently, stepper motors are widely used in applications where precise and repeatable motion is critical, including 3D printing robots for controlling printhead and bed movement, robotic CNC systems for tool and workpiece positioning, and camera sliders in mobile robots for time-lapse photography. Nevertheless, stepper motors are less efficient than basic BLDC motors at high speeds and consume power even when stationary. They may even suffer from resonance issues, leading to vibrations or missed steps if not properly driven. This is why they are not suitable for applications involving fast, continuous rotation.
6. Geared Motors
Source: ResearchGate Geared motors are essentially standard electric motors (most commonly BDC or BLDC) integrated with a gearbox or gear train. The gear system works based on the conservation of angular momentum (gear reduction). The smaller input gears spin faster and deliver power to larger output gears, which rotate more slowly but generate greater torque proportionally. The speed can also be controlled by adjusting the motor’s input voltage, often using PWM. The primary advantage of geared motors is their ability to provide high torque from a compact motor, enabling a smaller motor to move heavier loads than it could on its own. They also allow for precise control at lower speeds and even offer a wide range of customizable speed-to-torque ratios through different gear combinations. Due to these features, geared motors are suitable for applications requiring strong yet slow, controlled motions. Examples include robot drive trains for mobile robots and RC vehicles, robotic arms for joint actuation, robot grippers, cordless tools, or any automated systems where high torque is needed to overcome resistance when moving substantial loads. The challenge of using geared motors is that the gear assembly can introduce friction, noise, and wear, potentially reducing overall efficiency compared to a direct-drive motor. These motors can also suffer from gear backlash (gaps between mating gear teeth), which might affect precision in some high-accuracy scenarios.
7. Linear Motors
Source: ResearchGate Linear motors are specialized electric motors that produce direct linear motion instead of rotational movement. They work on the same electromagnetic principles as rotary motors, but the stator and rotor are laid out in a straight line, generating force along a linear path without the need for mechanical transmission systems like belts or gears. This direct-drive design allows for highly accurate positioning, fast acceleration, and smooth movement. Thus, linear motors are commonly used in precision robotics, such as pick-and-place machines, robotic arms, and automated transport systems on production lines where exact linear motion is critical. Even so, linear motors tend to be more expensive than traditional rotary motors and are generally limited to applications that specifically require linear motion.
8. Pneumatic Motors
Source: ResearchGate Pneumatic motors are also known as air motors. Rather than using electricity, they rely on compressed air, which is fed into chambers within the motor. The air pushes against vanes, pistons, or turbines to create rotational force. These motors are typically lightweight and have a high power-to-weight ratio, allowing robots to move quickly and efficiently. They even offer instantaneous start/stop capabilities and can withstand stalls without damage. Furthermore, pneumatic motors do not generate sparks, making them ideal for explosive or flammable environments like mines, painting booths, and certain manufacturing processes where electrical motors might pose a safety risk. They are also used in end-effectors like grippers for clamping action and in some mobile robots as actuators for quick, powerful bursts of movement. The main limitation of pneumatic motors is the necessity for a constant and reliable source of compressed air, so they require an external air compressor, storage tanks, and associated hoses, which add bulk to the robotic system. Additionally, they generally have a lower power density and lower control precision compared to electric motors.
9. Hydraulic Motors
Source: ResearchGate Hydraulic motors convert the energy of pressurized fluid (typically oil) into rotational motion. A high-pressure hydraulic pump pushes the fluid into the motor to move internal components like gears, vanes, or pistons, thereby spinning the motor's output shaft. This type of robotic motor delivers exceptionally high torque at low speed and high power density from a relatively compact size. What’s more, they are robust and can operate steadily under extreme loads or harsh conditions. Due to these advantages, hydraulic motors are commonly found in large, heavy-duty robots and machinery where sheer force is crucial. This includes construction robots, agricultural robots, large-scale industrial manipulators, and other equipment designed for lifting or digging. Nonetheless, this motor requires a hydraulic system consisting of a pump, reservoir, filters, and extensive plumbing, which adds considerable weight, cost, and maintenance. They also pose a risk of fluid leaks, which can be messy and environmentally problematic, and their overall efficiency can be lower than electric motors in many applications.
10. Piezoelectric Motors
Source: ResearchGate Piezoelectric motors generate motion through the piezoelectric effect. This phenomenon occurs when certain materials (mostly piezoelectric ceramics) deform or vibrate in response to an applied electric field and then generate an electric charge due to mechanical stress. These microscopic expansions and contractions are amplified and directed, often through friction, to move the motor’s rotor or slider. Since piezoelectric motors do not rely on magnetic fields or rotating parts like most motors, they allow for very compact designs and silent operation. They also offer ultra-high precision and resolution, often down to the nanometer scale. Therefore, these motors are ideal for micro-robotics, delicate medical devices, and any applications that demand extremely fine positioning, such as auto-focus lenses or micro-actuators in laboratories. Then again, piezoelectric motors have more complex control systems, making integration more challenging compared to conventional motor types. They also produce low power output, so they are not suited for tasks requiring significant force or speed.
How to Choose the Right Robotics Motor Type?
By thoroughly analyzing these 10 selection criteria for robot motors, you can choose one that delivers optimal performance and reliability for your specific project needs:
1. Torque Requirements
The motor must provide enough torque to handle the robot’s load during operation. For instance, a robotic arm lifting heavy parts needs high torque, while a fast-moving drone prioritizes speed over sustained high torque. Make sure to calculate both continuous and peak torque requirements to prevent issues like overheating or stalling during operation.2. Speed Range (KV Rating)
Determine the necessary operational speed. For DC motors, the motor’s KV rating indicates how fast it rotates per volt applied. High-speed applications like drones require motors with higher KV ratings, while precision robots benefit from lower KV ratings for higher torque and better control.3. Precision Needed
Consider how accurately your robot needs to move or position itself. For fine movements, such as surgical or laboratory robots, motors like servo or stepper motors are ideal due to their precise positioning capabilities. Conversely, less precise, more affordable options might be enough for simpler drive systems.4. Voltage Compatibility
Ensure the motor's operating voltage aligns with your robot's power supply or battery voltage range. Not only does this ensure efficient performance, but it also minimizes issues like overheating or motor damage.5. Power Efficiency
An efficient motor converts more electrical energy into mechanical work, minimizing wasted heat and extending battery life, especially for mobile or continuous-operation robots where energy conservation directly impacts operational costs. In this case, BLDC motors are often preferred for their excellent efficiency.6. Form Factor
Space and weight are often limited in robot design. Choose a motor size that fits within the available chassis while providing adequate power without adding excessive bulk. For example, smaller, lighter motors are essential for drones or compact robots to improve maneuverability, while larger robots can accommodate heavier motors.7. Ease of Control
Consider your operational capabilities and available control hardware. Some motors, like simple brushed DC motors, are straightforward to control. Others, such as BLDC or sophisticated servo motors, require more complex electronic speed controllers (ESCs) and advanced control algorithms.8. Environmental Tolerance
If your robot operates in harsh environments, choose motors with sealing features or robust materials that can withstand extreme temperatures, moisture, or dust. This is important for preventing premature system failure.9. System Integration and Scalability
The motor should integrate smoothly with your robot's existing control systems and mechanical design. It should also allow for future upgrades, in case of expansions. Some users may even opt for solutions like combines the motor, gears, and controller into one compact module for simplified system integration and scaling.10. Budget and Longevity
Balance your budget with performance needs by factoring in the long-term total cost of ownership, including potential maintenance, replacement, and energy consumption. While higher-performance motors often have a higher upfront cost, their durability and efficiency are usually more economical over their operational lifespan.Common Applications for Robot Motors
Robot motors help automate tasks and improve precision in a wide range of industries, including:- Manufacturing: Motors power robotic arms and automated systems for tasks like welding, painting, assembly, packaging, and quality inspection. As such, manufacturers can improve production speed and consistency while handling repetitive or hazardous operations with high accuracy.
- Logistics: Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) and delivery drones use motors for navigation and goods transportation. There are also warehouse robots that rely on electronic motors to manage inventory, sort items, or package products for shipment, streamlining supply chain operations.
- Defense and Security: Advanced motors are used in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for surveillance and ground robots for bomb disposal. They are also found in robotic dogs deployed for search-and-rescue missions, hazardous environment inspection, area patrol, or carrying equipment in challenging terrains.
- Medical: Surgical and diagnostic robots use precision motors for microscale movements, ensuring safe and accurate operations. Motors also power rehabilitation robots that assist patients with mobility training and physical therapy for improved recovery outcomes.
- Agricultural: Agricultural robots use motors for autonomous planting, weeding, spraying, and harvesting. By automating repetitive fieldwork, they improve productivity, reduce labor costs, and optimize resource usage while performing delicate tasks like picking soft fruit without causing damage to valuable yield.
- Consumer Electronics: Motors drive robotic toys, as well as gadgets like drones and camera gimbals, adding movement, interactivity, and stabilization to consumer devices. These applications enhance user experience through responsive actions, precision control, and dynamic functionality in compact devices.
- Household Service: Motors are applied to home robots like vacuum cleaners, floor scrubbers, lawnmowers, and robotic assistants. These robots automate routine chores and even provide companionship or voice-activated assistance.
Fukuta Motor - Your Partner for Powerful Robot Motors
The world of robotics is constantly evolving, driven by innovations that enable machines to achieve new levels of capability. This makes it even more critical to select reliable robotics motors. With decades of expertise in motor manufacturing, is committed to providing high-quality and precise motor solutions essential for advanced robotics. Explore our or today to learn how Fukuta Motors can become your trusted partner in automation!FAQs
Do robots use DC or AC motors?
Robots can use both DC and AC motors, though DC motors are far more common, especially in mobile and portable robots. This is because they are easily powered by batteries while offering precise speed control and quick response. On the other hand, AC motors are limited to larger, stationary industrial robots that can be connected directly to a main power supply, although they offer high power and durability.What is a motor controller in robotics?
A motor controller is an essential electronic device that acts as the intermediary between a robot's "brain" (microcontroller or flight controller) and its motors, managing critical functions like speed control (often via PWM), direction reversal, and protection against overcurrent. While the microcontroller determines the desired speed and direction, it lacks the power to directly drive motors. So, the system relies on the motor controller to convert these low-power signals into the necessary higher-current and voltage outputs, effectively powering and regulating the motors. It is also important to note that different robotic motor types require specific types of controllers to function correctly.What kind of motors are used in robot arms?
Robot arms generally use DC motors, stepper motors, or servo motors, depending on the application needs:- Brushed and brushless DC motors offer good torque, with brushless models being quieter and more efficient but requiring advanced controllers.
- Stepper motors provide precise control and high torque at low speeds, making them suitable for accurate but slower movements.
- Servo motors are often preferred for robot arms due to their excellent precision, fast response, and ability to maintain accuracy even under dynamic loads.